PHP Skills Tests

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Operator precedence

PHP's operator precedence.

Associativity Operators Additional information
non-associative clone new clone and new
left [ array()
right ** arithmetic
right ++ -- ~ (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) (bool) @ types and increment/decrement
non-associative instanceof types
right ! logical
left * / % arithmetic
left + - . arithmetic and stirng
left << >> bitwise
non-associative < <= >= > comparison
non-associative == != === !== <> <=> comparison
left & bitwise and references
left ^ bitwise
left `| bitwise
left && http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.logical.php logical]
left || logical
right ?? comparison
left ? : ternary
right = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= => assignment
left and logical
left xor logical
left or logical
left ,` many uses

Associativity

TK

Hexidecimal values

echo 0x500;
1280

This is hexidecimal notation. The value is calculated 0 * 1 = 0 + 0 * 16 = 0 + 5 * 256 = 1280.

Bit shifting

TK

is_numeric()

  • Valid values: "200", ".25e4", "20,2"
  • Invalid values: "$200"

Magical constants

Magical constants are constants that change value depending on where in the code they are placed.

The magical constants in PHP are

  • __LINE__
  • __FILE__
  • __DIR__
  • __FUNCTION__
  • __CLASS__
  • __TRAIT__
  • __METHOD__
  • __NAMESPACE__